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Liothyronine whilst not the initial choice of treatment may be used when levothyroxine treatment fails and there is reason to believe the cause of failure is gastrointestinal malabsorption. [2] Historically, dogs with normal serum thyroxine levels but low serum levels of triiodothyronine would be treated with liothyronine sodium.
Lymphangiectasia is an intestinal disease of dogs characterized by chronic diarrhea and loss of proteins such as serum albumin and globulin. It is considered to be a chronic form of protein-losing enteropathy. Breeds commonly affected include the Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier, Norwegian Lundehund, Basenji, and Yorkshire Terrier. [6]
Malabsorption constitutes the pathological interference with the normal physiological sequence of digestion (intraluminal process), absorption (mucosal process) and transport (postmucosal events) of nutrients. [3] Intestinal malabsorption can be due to: [7] Congenital or acquired reduction in absorptive surface; Defects of ion transport
Patients with intestinal lymphangiectasia present with a range of symptoms, significantly influenced by the extent of protein loss. [4] Chronic diarrhea and malabsorption are common symptoms. [4] The loss of protein can lead to edema, particularly in the legs and abdomen, due to decreased oncotic pressure. [4]
Prolonged disease is often characterised by diarrhoea and malabsorption of nutrients in the intestine. [10] This malabsorption causes fatty stools, substantial weight loss, and fatigue. [10] Additionally, those with giardiasis often have difficulty absorbing lactose, vitamin A, folate, and vitamin B 12.
However, a number of diseases of the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract are characterized by fat malabsorption. Examples of such diseases are: disorders of exocrine pancreatic function, such as chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis and Shwachman–Diamond syndrome (these are characterized by deficiency of pancreatic digestive enzymes)
Blind loop syndrome, also known as stagnant loop syndrome, [1] is a state that occurs when the normal bacterial flora of the small intestine proliferates to numbers that cause significant derangement to the normal physiological processes of digestion and absorption.
Impaired digestion or absorption can result in fatty stools. Possible causes include exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, with poor digestion from lack of lipases, loss of bile salts, which reduces micelle formation, and small intestinal disease-producing malabsorption. Various other causes include certain medicines that block fat absorption or ...