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The units that are typically used to express discharge in streams or rivers include m 3 /s (cubic meters per second), ft 3 /s (cubic feet per second or cfs) and/or acre-feet per day. [2] A commonly applied methodology for measuring, and estimating, the discharge of a river is based on a simplified form of the continuity equation.
The SI unit is cubic metres per second (m 3 /s). Another unit used is standard cubic centimetres per minute (SCCM). In US customary units and imperial units, volumetric flow rate is often expressed as cubic feet per second (ft 3 /s) or gallons per minute (either US or imperial definitions).
For example, 10 miles per hour can be converted to metres per second by using a sequence of conversion factors as shown below: = . Each conversion factor is chosen based on the relationship between one of the original units and one of the desired units (or some intermediary unit), before being rearranged to create a factor that cancels out the ...
cubic foot per second ft 3 /s ≡ 1 ft 3 /s = 0.028 316 846 592 m 3 /s: cubic inch per minute in 3 /min ≡ 1 in 3 /min = 2.731 177 3 × 10 −7 m 3 /s cubic inch per second in 3 /s ≡ 1 in 3 /s = 1.638 7064 × 10 −5 m 3 /s: cubic metre per second (SI unit) m 3 /s ≡ 1 m 3 /s = 1 m 3 /s gallon (US fluid) per day GPD [citation needed] ≡ 1 ...
Cubic metre per second or cubic meter per second in American English (symbol m 3 ⋅ s −1 or m 3 /s) is the unit of volumetric flow rate in the International System of Units (SI). It corresponds to the exchange or movement of the volume of a cube with sides of one metre (39.37 in) in length (a cubic meter , originally a stere ) each second .
When positive pressure is applied to a standard cubic foot of gas, it is compressed. When a vacuum is applied to a standard cubic foot of gas, it expands. The volume of gas after it is pressurized or rarefied is referred to as its "actual" volume. SCF and ACF for an ideal gas are related in accordance with the combined gas law: [2] [3]
Mass flow rate is defined by the limit [3] [4] ˙ = =, i.e., the flow of mass through a surface per time .. The overdot on ˙ is Newton's notation for a time derivative.Since mass is a scalar quantity, the mass flow rate (the time derivative of mass) is also a scalar quantity.
so that for incompressible, irrotational flow (=), the second term on the left in the Navier-Stokes equation is just the gradient of the dynamic pressure. In hydraulics , the term u 2 / 2 g {\displaystyle u^{2}/2g} is known as the hydraulic velocity head (h v ) so that the dynamic pressure is equal to ρ g h v {\displaystyle \rho gh_{v}} .