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  2. Myostatin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myostatin

    In humans, the MSTN gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 2 at position 32.2. [5] Myostatin (also known as growth differentiation factor 8, abbreviated GDF8) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MSTN gene. [6] Myostatin is a myokine that is produced and released by myocytes and acts on muscle cells to inhibit muscle growth. [7]

  3. MyoD - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MyoD

    MyoD may also regulate muscle repair. MyoD mRNA levels are also reported to be elevated in aging skeletal muscle. One of the main actions of MyoD is to remove cells from the cell cycle (halt proliferation for terminal cell cycle arrest in differentiated myocytes) by enhancing the transcription of p21 and myogenin.

  4. Gene regulatory circuit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_regulatory_circuit

    Example of a genetic regulatory circuit for Drosophila melanogaster's huckebein (hkb) gene's effects on gap gene expression.. Genetic regulatory circuits (also referred to as transcriptional regulatory circuits) is a concept that evolved from the Operon Model discovered by François Jacob and Jacques Monod.

  5. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrodysplasia_ossificans...

    The mutation affects the body's repair mechanism, causing fibrous tissue including muscle, tendons, and ligaments to become ossified, either spontaneously or when damaged as the result of trauma. In many cases, otherwise minor injuries can cause joints to become permanently fused as new bone forms, replacing the damaged muscle tissue. This new ...

  6. Human musculoskeletal system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_musculoskeletal_system

    The body contains three types of muscle tissue: (a) skeletal muscle, (b) smooth muscle, and (c) cardiac muscle. On the anterior and posterior views of the muscular system above, superficial muscles (those at the surface) are shown on the right side of the body while deep muscles (those underneath the superficial muscles) are shown on the left ...

  7. Protein metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_metabolism

    The steps of protein synthesis include transcription, translation, and post translational modifications. During transcription, RNA polymerase transcribes a coding region of the DNA in a cell producing a sequence of RNA, specifically messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA sequence contains codons: 3 nucleotide long segments that code for a specific ...