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[108] [109] By the beginning of the 20th century, the standard surgical procedure was intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE). [7] In 1949, Harold Ridley introduced the concept of implantation of the intraocular lens (IOL) which made visual rehabilitation after cataract surgery a more efficient, effective, and comfortable process. [107]
Months or years after the cataract operation, the remaining posterior lens capsule can become opaque and vision will be reduced in about 20–25% of eyes. [4] This is known as posterior capsule opacification (PCO).
Clear lens extraction, also known as refractive lensectomy, custom lens replacement or refractive lens exchange is a surgical procedure in which clear lens of the human eye is removed. Unlike cataract surgery , where the cloudy lens is removed to treat a cataract , clear lens extraction is done to surgically correct refractive errors such as ...
Phacoemulsification is a cataract surgery method in which the internal lens of the eye which has developed a cataract is emulsified with the tip of an ultrasonic handpiece and aspirated from the eye. Aspirated fluids are replaced with irrigation of balanced salt solution to maintain the volume of the anterior chamber during the procedure.
If visual loss is significant, surgical removal of the lens may be warranted, with lost optical power usually replaced with a plastic intraocular lens. Owing to the high prevalence of cataracts, cataract extraction is the most common eye surgery. Rest after surgery is recommended. [8]
More commonly, IOLs are implanted via Clear Lens Extraction And Replacement (CLEAR) surgery, also known as refractive lens exchange (RLE) [10] or clear lens extraction (CLE). During CLEAR, the crystalline lens is extracted and an IOL replaces it in a process that is very similar to cataract surgery: both involve lens replacement, local ...
The cataract is removed from the capsule and anterior chamber using hydroexpression [Note 3] viscoexpression, [Note 4] or more-direct mechanical methods. [4] [13] [14] The extraction of the cataract must be done with due care so as not to compromise the integrity of the tunnel; the endothelium and capsule are also vulnerable to injury.
An immature cataract has some transparent protein, but with a mature cataract, all the lens protein is opaque. In a hypermature or Morgagnian cataract, the lens proteins have become liquid. Congenital cataract, which may be detected in adulthood, has a different classification and includes lamellar, polar, and sutural cataracts. [44] [45]