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Perhaps the most well-known condition to cause hair loss is alopecia, which, Massick explains, “causes your own immune system to attack the hair follicles [so that] the hairs just fall out ...
But in some cases, external factors — like stress — can affect hair, causing everything from thinning hair and a wider part, to a receding hairline, hair falling out in clumps or even patches ...
A hair pulled out in this phase will have the bulb of keratin attached to it which appears as a small white ball on the end of the hair. This process cuts the hair off from its blood supply and from the cells that produce new hair. When a club hair is completely formed, about a 2-week process, the hair follicle enters the telogen phase.
At this point, the strand may or may not fall out. At the same time, a new hair starts to form in the follicle. Finally, the hair falls out during the exogen phase (aka the shedding phase).
In alopecia areata, a hair follicle is attacked by the immune system. T-cells swarm the roots, killing the follicle. This causes the hair to fall out and parts of the head to become bald. Alopecia areata is thought to be a systemic autoimmune disorder in which the body attacks its own anagen hair follicles and suppresses or stops hair growth. [22]
Radiation induces hair loss through damage to hair follicle stem cell progenitors and alteration of keratin expression. [72] [73] Radiation therapy has been associated with increased mucin production in hair follicles. [74] Studies have suggested electromagnetic radiation as a therapeutic growth stimulant in alopecia. [75]