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A conscientious objector is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" [1] on the grounds of freedom of conscience or religion. [2] The term has also been extended to objecting to working for the military–industrial complex due to a crisis of conscience. [3]
Conscientious objection must be "sincere and meaningful" and occupy "a place in the life of its possessor parallel to that filled by an orthodox belief in God". [4] Any mixture of sincere religious, moral, or ethical beliefs can qualify as conscientious objection. [5]
The provision is most frequently enacted in connection with issues relating to reproduction, such as abortion (see conscientious objection to abortion), sterilization, contraception, and stem cell based treatments, but may include any phase of patient care. [2]
Selective conscientious objection is the practice of refusing some, but not all, military service. It is much more controversial than blanket conscientious objection based on consistent pacifism . [ 1 ]
In 1948, the year of Israel's declaration of independence, another member of the group, Joseph Abileah, was the first conscientious objector to be put on trial before a military court for refusing to serve in the IDF. [15] He was excused from service in the army on the grounds of ill health, which according to him was a face-saving measure. [15]
An individual exercising this freedom may be called a conscientious objector. [a] The right to freedom of conscience is recognized by several international conventions, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights. [2]
Conscientious objection to abortion is the right of medical staff to refuse participation in abortion for reasons of personal opposition to abortion on moral grounds. By country [ edit ]
Conscientious objection in East Germany; Conscientious objection in South Korea; Conscientious objection in the United States; Conscientious objection to abortion; Conscientious objection to military taxation; Conscientious Objectors Commemorative Stone; The Conscientious Objector; Conscientious objectors in Wales; Construction soldier; Cox v ...