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Depiction of a hydrogen atom showing the diameter as about twice the Bohr model radius. (Image not to scale) A hydrogen atom is an atom of the chemical element hydrogen.The electrically neutral hydrogen atom contains a single positively charged proton in the nucleus, and a single negatively charged electron bound to the nucleus by the Coulomb force.
Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol H and atomic number 1. It is the lightest element and, at standard conditions, is a gas of diatomic molecules with the formula H 2, sometimes called dihydrogen, [11] hydrogen gas, molecular hydrogen, or simply hydrogen. It is colorless, odorless, [12] non-toxic, and highly combustible.
Hydrogen atoms are small and can permeate solid metals. Once absorbed, hydrogen lowers the stress required for cracks in the metal to initiate and propagate, resulting in embrittlement. Hydrogen embrittlement occurs in steels, as well as in iron, nickel, titanium, cobalt, and their alloys.
Hydrogen gas is produced by several industrial methods. [1] Nearly all of the world's current supply of hydrogen is created from fossil fuels. [2] [3] Most hydrogen is gray hydrogen made through steam methane reforming. In this process, hydrogen is produced from a chemical reaction between steam and methane, the main component of natural gas.
Natural hydrogen is generated from various sources. Many hydrogen emergences have been identified on mid-ocean ridges. [22] Serpentinisation occurs frequently in the oceanic crust; many targets for exploration include portions of oceanic crust which have been obducted and incorporated into continental crust.
The hydrogen cycle consists of hydrogen exchanges between biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) sources and sinks of hydrogen-containing compounds. Hydrogen (H) is the most abundant element in the universe. [1] On Earth, common H-containing inorganic molecules include water (H 2 O), hydrogen gas (H 2), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), and ammonia ...
Hydrogen compounds are compounds containing the element hydrogen. In these compounds, hydrogen can form in the +1 and -1 oxidation states. Hydrogen can form compounds both ionically and in covalent substances. It is a part of many organic compounds such as hydrocarbons as well as water and other organic substances.
In acidic conditions, the hydrogen evolution reaction follows the formula: [6] 2 H + + 2 e − → H 2. In neutral or alkaline conditions, the reaction follows the formula: [6] 4 H 2 O + 4 e − → 2 H 2 + 4 HO −. Both of these mechanisms can be seen in industrial practices at the cathode side of the electrolyzer where hydrogen evolution occurs.