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George Makdisi theorizes that the ijazah issued in medieval Islamic madrasas in the 9th century was the origin of the doctorate that later appeared in medieval European universities. [5] Alfred Guillaume, [6] Syed Farid al-Attas [6] and Devin J. Stewart agree that there is a resemblance between the ijazah and the university degree. [7]
In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, bachelor's degrees are normally awarded "with honours" after three years of study. [20] The bachelor's degree with honours meets the requirements for a higher education qualification at level 6 of the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications in full, [21] and is a first-cycle, end-of-cycle award on the Qualifications Framework of the European Higher ...
Bachelor's degrees in Algerian universities are called "الليسانس" in Arabic or la licence in French; the degree normally takes three years to complete and is a part of the LMD ("licence", "master", "doctorat") reform, students can enroll in a bachelor's degree program in different fields of study after having obtained their baccalauréat (the national secondary education test).
The honoris causa doctorate received by Jimmy Wales from the University of Maastricht (2015). An honorary degree is an academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding institution) has waived all of the usual requirements.
The six different kinds of ijazahs were specific, non-specific, general, an ijazah on a book, ijazah by correspondence and an honorific ijazah. [23] The specific ijazah was considered the highest form of an ijazah a student could receive because it stated that a specific student was permitted to teach a specific field by a specific teacher. [23]
A bachelor's degree can be an honours degree (bachelor's with honours) or an ordinary degree (bachelor's without honours). Honours degrees are classified, usually based on a weighted average (with higher weight given to marks in the later years of the course, and often zero weight to those in the first year) of the marks gained in exams and other assessments.
A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, DPhil; Latin: philosophiae doctor or doctor in philosophia) [1] is a terminal degree that usually denotes the highest level of academic achievement in a given discipline and is awarded following a course of graduate study and original research.
Licentiate dissertation (note text Pro Licentia on cover) of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (University of Strasbourg, 1771). A licentiate (abbreviated Lic.) is an academic degree present in many countries, representing different educational levels.