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Mirena IUD visible on pelvic radiograph. The hormonal IUD is a small T-shaped piece of plastic, which contains levonorgestrel, a type of progestin. [29] The cylinder of the device is coated with a membrane that regulates the release of the drug. [75] Bayer markets Skyla as Jaydess in the United Kingdom. [76]
It is combined with the estrogen ethinylestradiol in these formulations. [23] At very low daily dose of 30 μg, levonorgestrel is used in some progestogen-only pill formulations. [23] Levonorgestrel is the active ingredient in a number of intrauterine devices including Mirena and Skyla.
The failure rate of a copper IUD is approximately 0.8% and can prevent pregnancy for up to 10 years. The hormonal IUD (also known as levonorgestrel intrauterine system or LNg IUD) releases a small amount of the hormone called progestin that can prevent pregnancy for 3–8 years with a failure rate of 0.1-0.4%. [1]
Hormonal intrauterine contraceptives are known as intrauterine systems (IUS) or Intrauterine Devices (IUD). An IUS/IUD must be inserted by a health professional. The copper IUD does not contain hormones. While a copper-containing IUD may be used as emergency contraception, the IUS has not been studied for this purpose.
Hormonal methods which contain the hormones estrogen and progestin include oral contraceptive pills (there is also a progestin only pill), transdermal patch (OrthoEvra), and intravaginal ring (NuvaRing). Progestin only methods include an injectable form (Depo-Provera), a subdermal implant (Nexplanon), and the intrauterine device (Mirena).
For example, many trans men can become pregnant (both intentionally and unintentionally), [226] but may prefer not to use estrogen- or progestin-containing hormonal birth control (both because of the social classification of these hormones as "female sex hormones" and because of a fear they will interfere with masculinizing hormone therapy ...
“The mentioned result can also be communicated in another way: for every 714 women using their first ‘high dose’ hormone IUD for 5 years, one woman will develop breast cancer due to the ...
An exception is progestin-only contraceptives, which do not also contain an estrogen. [230] The relative androgenic activity of testosterone-derivative progestins and other progestins that have androgenic activity can be roughly ranked as follows: Very high: danazol, ethisterone, gestrinone, normethandrone, norvinisterone [231] [232] [233] [234]