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The same image viewed by white, blue, green, and red lights reveals different hidden numbers. Steganography (/ ˌ s t ɛ ɡ ə ˈ n ɒ ɡ r ə f i / ⓘ STEG-ə-NOG-rə-fee) is the practice of representing information within another message or physical object, in such a manner that the presence of the concealed information would not be evident to an unsuspecting person's examination.
An algorithm estimates the capacity for hidden data without the distortions of the decoy data becoming apparent. OutGuess determines bits in the decoy data that it considers most expendable and then distributes secret bits based on a shared secret in a pseudorandom pattern across these redundant bits, flipping some of them according to the secret data.
In 2020, Zhongliang Yang et al. discovered that for text generative steganography, when the quality of the generated steganographic text is optimized to a certain extent, it may make the overall statistical distribution characteristics of the generated steganographic text more different from the normal text, making it easier to be recognized.
Printer tracking dots, also known as printer steganography, DocuColor tracking dots, yellow dots, secret dots, or a machine identification code (MIC), is a digital watermark which many color laser printers and photocopiers produce on every printed page that identifies the specific device that was used to print the document.
The word 'steganography', encoded with quotation marks, where standard text represents "typeface 1" and text in boldface represents "typeface 2": To encode a message each letter of the plaintext is replaced by a group of five of the letters 'A' or 'B'. The pattern of standard and boldface letters is:
Examples include audio files, image files, documents, and executable files. In practice, the carrier should look and work the same as the original unmodified carrier, and should appear benign to anyone inspecting it. Certain properties can raise suspicion that a file is carrying hidden data:
OpenPuff Steganography and Watermarking, sometimes abbreviated OpenPuff or Puff, is a free steganography tool for Microsoft Windows created by Cosimo Oliboni and still maintained as independent software. The program is notable for being the first steganography tool (version 1.01 released in December 2004) that:
All too common current examples are commercial security products that derive keys for otherwise impregnable ciphers like AES from a user-selected password. Since users rarely employ passwords with anything close to the entropy of the cipher's key space, such systems are often quite easy to break in practice using only ciphertext.