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The Coordinated Framework for Regulation of Biotechnology, proposed in 1984 by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and finalized in 1986, spells out the basic federal policy for regulating the development and introduction of products derived from biotechnology. [1]
The development of a regulatory framework concerning genetic engineering began in 1975, at Asilomar, California.The first use of Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology had just been successfully accomplished by Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer two years previously and the scientific community recognized that as well as benefits this technology could also pose some risks. [31]
Agricultural engineering, also known as agricultural and biosystems engineering, is the field of study and application of engineering science and designs principles for agriculture purposes, combining the various disciplines of mechanical, civil, electrical, food science, environmental, software, and chemical engineering to improve the efficiency of farms and agribusiness enterprises [1] as ...
Spreading disease among crop plants is incredibly difficult to control and was previously only managed by completely removing the affected crop. The field of agricultural biotechnology offers a solution through genetically engineering virus resistance. Developing GE disease-resistant crops now include cassava, maize, and sweet potato.
The development of a regulatory framework concerning genetic engineering began in 1975, at Asilomar, California. The Asilomar meeting recommended a set of guidelines regarding the cautious use of recombinant technology and any products resulting from that technology. [38]
By the early 1980s technologies involving recombinant bacteria were being applied in laboratories in New Zealand mostly for biological and medical research. There had already been a move at a governmental level to manage genetic modification in the country and in 1978 the government placed a moratorium on field releases and established the Advisory Committee on Novel Genetic Techniques (ACNGT).
Application of crop management decisions calls for agricultural equipment that supports variable-rate technology , for example varying seed density along with the variable-rate application (VRA) of nitrogen and phytosanitary products. [29] Precision agriculture uses technology on agricultural equipment (e.g. tractors, sprayers, harvesters, etc.):
One of the most credible science-based concerns with GM trees is their potential for wide dispersal of seed and pollen. [11] The fact that pine pollen travels long distances is well established, moving up to 3,000 kilometers from its source. [12] Additionally, many tree species reproduce for a long time before being harvested. [13]