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Jumping to conclusions (officially the jumping conclusion bias, often abbreviated as JTC, and also referred to as the inference-observation confusion [1]) is a psychological term referring to a communication obstacle where one "judge[s] or decide[s] something without having all the facts; to reach unwarranted conclusions".
A faulty generalization is an informal fallacy wherein a conclusion is drawn about all or many instances of a phenomenon on the basis of one or a few instances of that phenomenon. It is similar to a proof by example in mathematics. [1] It is an example of jumping to conclusions. [2]
The framing effect is the tendency to draw different conclusions from the same information, depending on how that information is presented. Forms of the framing effect include: Contrast effect , the enhancement or reduction of a certain stimulus's perception when compared with a recently observed, contrasting object.
The fallacy lies in a conclusion based solely on the order of events, rather than taking into account other factors potentially responsible for the result that might rule out the connection. [2] A simple example is "The rooster crows immediately before sunrise; therefore the rooster causes the sun to rise." [3]
Naturalistic fallacy – inferring evaluative conclusions from purely factual premises [105] [106] in violation of fact-value distinction. Naturalistic fallacy (sometimes confused with appeal to nature) is the inverse of moralistic fallacy. Is–ought fallacy [107] – deduce a conclusion about what ought to be, on the basis of what is.
Inference objection – Reason arguing against a premise, argument, or conclusion; expression of disagreement; Inquiry – Any process that has the aim of augmenting knowledge, resolving doubt, or solving a problem; Jumping to conclusions – Psychological term
It is a more extreme form of jumping-to-conclusions cognitive distortion where one presumes to know the thoughts, feelings, or intentions of others without any factual basis. Emotional reasoning [ edit ]
Jumping to conclusions can lead to hindsight, which strongly influences the delusional conviction in individuals with schizophrenia. [45] In numerous studies, cognitive functional deficits in schizophrenic individuals impair their ability to represent and uphold contextual processing.