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Speculation about animal intelligence gradually yielded to scientific study after Darwin placed humans and animals on a continuum, although Darwin's largely anecdotal approach to the cognition topic would not pass scientific muster later on. [12]
Pigs can remember which humans and pigs they like and act accordingly. They differentiate humans, even people dressed alike, by recognizing human faces, and can also tell apart humans by their olfaction and hearing. [1] Pigs have shown to fear stranger humans but lose the fear after the person played with the pigs with toys. [14]
Humans in this same contest managed a success rate of just sixty-seven percent." The study was also filmed to ensure its accuracy. [61] A study on Discovery News found that elephants, during an intelligence test employing food rewards, had found shortcuts that not even the experiment's researchers had thought of. [8]
Credit: Getty Images. Charming and intelligent, dolphins have a reputation for being friendly, but they display aggressive behavior toward humans and other marine life.
Chimpanzees are also near the top of the cognitive food chain as observed by the brilliant Jane Goodall, who conducted the first detailed studies of these animals in the wild over decades.
Using human gaze to find food hidden under opaque bowl No Call et al., 1998 Using human gaze to find food hidden in tube open to human Yes Call et al., 1998 Remembering what human had seen and inferring target of attention Yes Yes MacLean & Hare, 2012 Attribution to Intention Helping humans retrieve objects when reaching Yes
Image credits: midunda #3. Honey. Let's follow these highly territorial murder flies to their stronghold and eat their vomit. _Molotovsky reply: That's easy, watch a bear.
Objectively defining intelligence is difficult, with other animals adapting senses and excelling in areas that humans are unable to. [295] There are some traits that, although not strictly unique, do set humans apart from other animals. [296] Humans may be the only animals who have episodic memory and who can engage in "mental time travel". [297]