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A map of medieval universities and major monasteries with library in 1250. Philosophical and scientific teaching of the Early Middle Ages was based upon few copies and commentaries of ancient Greek texts that remained in Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. Most of them were studied only in Latin as knowledge of Greek ...
Western Europe was forced to discover new trading routes, as happened with Columbus' travel to the Americas in 1492, and Vasco da Gama's circumnavigation of India and Africa in 1498. The numerous wars did not prevent European states from exploring and conquering wide portions of the world, from Africa to Asia and the newly discovered Americas.
Tabula Peutingeriana (section of a modern facsimile), top to bottom: Dalmatian coast, Adriatic Sea, southern Italy, Sicily, African Mediterranean coast. Tabula Peutingeriana (Latin for 'The Peutinger Map'), also referred to as Peutinger's Tabula, [1] Peutinger tables [2] or Peutinger Table, is an illustrated itinerarium (ancient Roman road map) showing the layout of the cursus publicus, the ...
Depending on the continent, the era generally falls between the years AD 200–600 and AD 1200–1500. The name of this era of history derives from classical antiquity (or the Greco-Roman era) of Europe. Though, the everyday context in use is reverse (such as historians reference to Medieval China).
1250–1348 (Late Middle Ages): stable or intermittently rising at a high level, with fall in 1315–17 in most of Europe. 1348–1420 (Late Middle Ages): steep decline in England and France, growth in East Central Europe. 1420–1470 (Late Middle Ages): stable or intermittently falling to a low level in Western Europe, growth in East Central ...
City 1 – 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 Agrigento: 50,000 [163]Athens: 30,000 – 90,000 110,000 25,000
In Europe, the Iron Age is the last stage of the prehistoric period and the first of the protohistoric periods, [1] which initially meant descriptions of a particular area by Greek and Roman writers. For much of Europe, the period came to an abrupt end after conquest by the Romans, though ironworking remained the dominant technology until ...
Eastern Hemisphere at the beginning of the 12th century. The 12th century is the period from 1101 to 1200 in accordance with the Julian calendar.In the history of European culture, this period is considered part of the High Middle Ages and overlaps with what is often called the " 'Golden Age' of the Cistercians".