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This is the pyroelectric effect. All polar crystals are pyroelectric, so the 10 polar crystal classes are sometimes referred to as the pyroelectric classes. Pyroelectric materials can be used as infrared and millimeter wavelength radiation detectors. An electret is the electrical equivalent of a permanent magnet.
Being pyroelectric, this material develops a voltage difference across two of its faces under changing temperature conditions; consequently, lead zirconate titanate can be used as a heat sensor. [5] Lead zirconate titanate is also ferroelectric , which means that it has a spontaneous electric polarization ( electric dipole ) that can be ...
Due to the unipolar axis characteristics of the pyroelectric crystal, it is characterized by asymmetry. Polarization due to changes in temperature, the so-called pyroelectric effect, is currently widely used in sensor technology. Pyroelectric crystals need to be very thin to prepare and are plated in a direction perpendicular to the polar axis.
Ferroelectricity is the property of certain materials to exhibit spontaneous electric polarization that can be reversed by an external electric field.
The pyroelectric and ferroelectric properties of barium titanate are used in some types of uncooled sensors for thermal cameras. Barium titanate is widely used in thermistors and positive temperature coefficient heating elements. For these applications, barium titanate is manufactured with dopants to give the material semiconductor properties ...
A pyroelectric nanogenerator is an energy-harvesting device that converts external thermal energy into electrical energy by using nano-structured pyroelectric materials. The pyroelectric effect is about the spontaneous polarization in certain anisotropic solids as a result of temperature fluctuation. [61]
A polaron is a quasiparticle used in condensed matter physics to understand the interactions between electrons and atoms in a solid material. The polaron concept was proposed by Lev Landau in 1933 [1] and Solomon Pekar in 1946 [2] to describe an electron moving in a dielectric crystal where the atoms displace from their equilibrium positions to effectively screen the charge of an electron ...
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