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Shellshock, also known as Bashdoor, [1] is a family of security bugs [2] in the Unix Bash shell, the first of which was disclosed on 24 September 2014.Shellshock could enable an attacker to cause Bash to execute arbitrary commands and gain unauthorized access [3] to many Internet-facing services, such as web servers, that use Bash to process requests.
In computing, Bash (short for "Bourne Again SHell,") [6] is an interactive command interpreter and command programming language developed for UNIX-like operating systems. [7] Created in 1989 [ 8 ] by Brian Fox for the GNU Project , it is supported by the Free Software Foundation and designed as a 100% free alternative for the Bourne shell ( sh ...
A Unix shell is a command-line interpreter or shell that provides a command line user interface for Unix-like operating systems. The shell is both an interactive command language and a scripting language, and is used by the operating system to control the execution of the system using shell scripts. [2]
Support for command history means that a user can recall a previous command into the command-line editor and edit it before issuing the potentially modified command. Shells that support completion may also be able to directly complete the command from the command history given a partial/initial part of the previous command.
chroot is an operation on Unix and Unix-like operating systems that changes the apparent root directory for the current running process and its children.A program that is run in such a modified environment cannot name (and therefore normally cannot access) files outside the designated directory tree.
Though this invokes Bash directly, without the -r or --restricted options, Bash does recognize that it was invoked through rbash and it does come up as a restricted shell. This can be accomplished with the following simple commands (executed as root, either logged in as user root, or using sudo):
One example of this is Bash, which offers the same grammar and syntax as the Bourne shell, and which also provides a POSIX-compliant mode. [13] As such, most shell scripts written for the Bourne shell can be run in BASH, but the reverse may not be true since BASH has extensions which are not present in the Bourne shell.
These commands can be found on Unix operating systems and most Unix-like operating systems. This is not a comprehensive list of all utilities that existed in the various historic Unix and Unix-like systems, as it excludes utilities that were not mandated by the aforementioned standard.