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The security dilemma might force states to form new alliances or to strengthen existing alliances. "If offense has less advantage, stability and cooperation are likely". [1] According to Glenn H. Snyder, under a security dilemma there are two reasons that alliances will form. First, a state that is dissatisfied with the amount of security it ...
In a 1950 article, Herz coined the concept of the security dilemma. [1] While at Harvard, Herz wrote Political Realism and Political Idealism, a book which the American Political Science Association awarded the Woodrow Wilson Prize in 1951. [3] In the book, Herz criticizes "political idealism" for failing to grapple with the security dilemma. [5]
Security: A New Framework for Analysis is a book by Barry Buzan, Ole Wæver and Jaap de Wilde. It is considered to be the leading text outlining the views of the Copenhagen School of security studies. The work addresses two important conceptual developments: Buzan's notion of sectoral analysis and Ole Wæver's concept of 'securitization'. [1]
A foundational study in the area of defensive realism is Robert Jervis' classic 1978 article on the "security dilemma." It examines how uncertainty and the offense-defense balance may heighten or soften the security dilemma. [21] Building on Jervis, Stephen Van Evera explores the causes of war from a defensive realist perspective. [22]
In the iterated prisoner's dilemma, the actors' behavior is determined by the following assumptions: States are rational, unitary, gain-maximizing actors, living in anarchy and ridden by the security dilemma. There are future consequences for present actions; the prisoner's dilemma is not a one-shot event. Thus;
Securitization in international relations and national politics is the process of state actors transforming subjects from regular political issues into matters of "security": thus enabling extraordinary means to be used in the name of security. [1] Issues that become securitized do not necessarily represent issues that are essential to the ...
The concept strips states of their "standing as centers of power and policy, where issues of war and peace are concerned" [23] and superimposes on them "an institution possessed of the authority and capability to maintain, by unchallengeable force so far as may be necessary, the order and stability of a global community."
The emergence of the human security discourse was the product of a convergence of factors at the end of the Cold War.These challenged the dominance of the neorealist paradigm's focus on states, "mutually assured destruction" and military security and briefly enabled a broader concept of security to emerge.