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Castor oil is a vegetable oil pressed from castor beans, the seeds of the plant Ricinus communis. [1] The seeds are 40 to 60 percent oil. [2] It is a colourless or pale yellow liquid with a distinct taste and odor. Its boiling point is 313 °C (595 °F) and its density is 0.961 g/cm 3. [3]
Castor oil: Refined: 200 °C [7] 392 °F Coconut oil: Refined, dry: 204 °C: 400 °F [8] Coconut oil: Unrefined, dry expeller pressed, virgin: 177 °C: 350 °F [8] Corn oil: 230–238 °C [9] 446–460 °F Corn oil: Unrefined: 178 °C [7] 352 °F Cottonseed oil: Refined, bleached, deodorized: 220–230 °C [10] 428–446 °F Flaxseed oil ...
The toxin provides the castor oil plant with some degree of natural protection from insect pests such as aphids. Ricin has been investigated for its potential use as an insecticide. [25] Commercially available cold-pressed castor oil is not toxic to humans in normal doses, whether internal or external. [26]
The oil seeps through small openings that do not allow seed fiber solids to pass. Afterward, the seeds are formed into a hardened press cake , which is removed from the machine. Pressure involved in expeller pressing creates heat in the range of 140–210 °F (60–99 °C).
Many oils are marketed as first cold pressed or cold extraction. "Cold" means no heat is added during extraction. "Pressed" means that the olives are crushed in a mill to extract the oil. [19] In the EU, these designations are regulated by Article 5 of Commission Regulation (EC) No 1019/2002 of 13 June 2002 on marketing standards for olive oil.
Castor oil has numerous industrial uses, owing to the presence of a hydroxyl group on the fatty acid. Castor oil is a precursor to Nylon 11. Castor oil may also be reacted with epichlorohydrin to make a glycidyl ether which is used as a diluent and flexibilizer with epoxy resins. [citation needed]