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The Islamization of Iran began with the Muslim conquest of Iran, when the Rashidun Caliphate annexed the Sasanian Empire. It was a long process by which Islam , though initially rejected, eventually spread among the Persians and the other Iranian peoples .
Umar refused to take any chances; he did not consider the Persians weak, which facilitated the speedy conquest of the Persian Empire. Again Umar sent simultaneous expeditions to the far north-east and north-west of the Persian Empire, one to Khurasan in late 643 and the other to Armenia. Bukair ibn Abdullah was ordered to capture Tiflis. From ...
In a sense, Iranian Islam is a second advent of Islam itself, a new Islam sometimes referred to as Islam-i Ajam. It was this Persian Islam, rather than the original Arab Islam, that was brought to new areas and new peoples: to the Turks, first in Central Asia and then in the Middle East in the country which came to be called Turkey, and India.
The Iranian empire began in the Iron Age with the rise of the Medes, who unified Iran as a nation and empire in 625 BC. [16] The Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC), founded by Cyrus the Great, was the largest empire the world had seen, spanning from the Balkans to North Africa and Central Asia.
Following the death in 632 AD of Muhammad, Islam spread far and wide within a very short period, much of this occurring through an initial establishment and subsequent expansion of an Islamic Empire through conquest, such as that of North Africa and later Spain (), and the Islamic conquest of Persia putting an end to the Sassanid Empire and spreading the reach of Islam to as far east as ...
Tokharistan was named after the Tokharians who overran the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom in the 2nd century BC. [7] In the works of the Arab geographers of the 9th–10th centuries, Tokharistan proper was defined as the region south of the Oxus and east of Balkh, [8] but in its wider sense encompassed the region of the upper Oxus valley east of Balkh, up to the mountains that surrounded the valley on ...
The Qajar era, religious developments, Iran's foreign relations with the Ottoman Empire and powerful European states, the context of the uprising Constitutional monarchy revolution, the role of social classes in political and social developments, the arrival of a new civilization in Iran and many other issues are also discussed.
Unlike neighboring Iran, Zia-ul-Haq's policies were intended to "avoid revolutionary excess", and not to strain relations with his American and Persian Gulf state allies. [55] Zia-ul-Haq was killed in 1988 but Islamization remains an important element in Pakistani society.