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Structural failure — support piers collapsed 7 killed, 0 injured Complete failure of two spans on I-5 Due to extreme rainfall, the Arroyo Pasajero experienced high volumes of water at high speed. This caused scouring of the river bed undermining the support piers of both spans. Elhovo bridge over the Tundzha river [43] Elhovo, Yambol Province
Completed falsework: Decking and some formwork has been added. The illustrations are of modern pipe-column falsework, used to support the formwork for a post-tensioned reinforced concrete flyover connector for the eastern span replacement of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge. When the supports are complete, wood beams and plywood or reusable ...
This is a list of structural failures and collapses of buildings and other structures including bridges, dams, and radio masts/towers. This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness.
Fifty-one people were killed in these failures, leading in the UK to the formation of the Merrison Committee [4] and considerable investment in new research into steel box girder behaviour. Most of the bridges still under construction at this time were delayed for investigation of the basic design principle.
Shoring is designed to prevent collapse where shielding is only designed to protect workers when collapses occur. Concrete-structure and stone-building shoring, in these cases also referred to as falsework, provides temporary support until the concrete becomes hard and achieves the desired strength to support loads.
The report led to the development of British Standard 5975: 1982 Code of practice for falsework, the first for falsework. [3] [5] BS 5975 required appointment of a falsework co-ordinator on sites required to allocate design responsibility and ensure that a design was checked. [6]
Infrastructure includes the basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society or enterprise, [1] or the services and facilities necessary for an economy to function.
On June 8, 1978, OSHA cited Willow Island contractors for 20 violations, including failures to field test concrete and anchor the scaffold system properly. The cases were settled for $85,500, or about $1,700 per worker killed.