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The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration are used to measure in vitro activity of antimicrobial agents. They are good indicators of antimicrobial potency, but don't give any information relating to time-dependent antimicrobial killing (the so-called post antibiotic effect).
In pharmacology, potency or biological potency [1] is a measure of a drug's biological activity expressed in terms of the dose required to produce a pharmacological effect of given intensity. [2]
Two structural features of β-lactam antibiotics have been correlated with their antibiotic potency. [16] The first is known as "Woodward's parameter", h , and is the height (in angstroms ) of the pyramid formed by the nitrogen atom of the β-lactam as the apex and the three adjacent carbon atoms as the base. [ 17 ]
More simply, EC 50 can be defined as the concentration required to obtain a 50% [...] effect [2] and may be also written as [A] 50. [3] It is commonly used as a measure of a drug's potency , although the use of EC 50 is preferred over that of 'potency', which has been criticised for its vagueness. [ 3 ]
Acute use (1–3 days) yields a potency about 1.5× stronger than that of morphine and chronic use (7 days+) yields a potency about 2.5 to 5× that of morphine. Similarly, the effect of tramadol increases after consecutive dosing due to the accumulation of its active metabolite and an increase of the oral bioavailability in chronic use.
The area under the effect curve (AUEC) is an integral of the effect of a drug over time, estimated as a previously-established function of concentration. It was proposed to be used instead of AUC in animal-to-human dose translation, as computer simulation shows that it could cope better with half-life and dosing schedule variations than AUC.
The duration of action of a drug is the length of time that particular drug is effective. [5] Duration of action is a function of several parameters including plasma half-life , the time to equilibrate between plasma and target compartments, and the off rate of the drug from its biological target .
In pharmacology, an effective dose (ED) or effective concentration (EC) is the dose or concentration of a drug that produces a biological response. [1] [2] The term "effective dose" is used when measurements are taken in vivo, while "effective concentration" is used when the measurements are taken in vitro. [3]