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Trematodes are covered by a tegument, that protects the organism from the environment by providing secretory and absorptive functions. The life cycle of a typical trematode begins with an egg. Some trematode eggs hatch directly in the environment (water), while others are eaten and hatched within a host, typically a mollusc.
Trematoda is a class of flatworms known as flukes or trematodes. They are obligate internal parasites with a complex life cycle requiring at least two hosts. The intermediate host, in which asexual reproduction occurs, is usually a snail. The definitive host, where the flukes sexually reproduce, is a vertebrate. Infection by trematodes can ...
There is a bewildering array of variation on the complex digenean life cycle, and plasticity in this trait is probably a key to the group's success. In general, the life cycles may have two, three, or four obligate (necessary) hosts, sometimes with transport or paratenic hosts in between. The three-host life cycle is probably the most common.
When trematodes are at the metacercariae stage in their life cycle, humans and other definitive hosts such as mammals and birds can be infected. [9] In humans, adult trematodes can survive for 25 years. [5] Fasciola hepatica, a species of trematode that causes trematodiases, and infects the liver
The miracidium is the second stage in the life cycle of trematodes.When trematode eggs are laid and come into contact with fresh water, they hatch and release miracidium. In this phase, miracidia are ciliated and free-swimming.
Eggs of these trematodes are shed in the feces of aquatic birds and released into water. Aquatic birds become hosts of this parasite by ingesting infected freshwater fish. The metacercariae are found right beneath the skin or in the muscles of host fish. The life cycle of the fluke consists of two intermediate hosts and one definitive host.
Nanophyetus salmincola is a food-borne intestinal trematode parasite prevalent on the Pacific Northwest coast. The species may be the most common trematode endemic to the United States. [1] The life cycle of the N. salmincola requires three hosts. The first intermediate host is an Juga plicifera stream snail.
Echinostoma is a genus of trematodes (flukes), which can infect both humans and other animals.These intestinal flukes have a three-host life cycle with snails or other aquatic organisms as intermediate hosts, [2] and a variety of animals, including humans, as their definitive hosts.