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Countercontrol is a term used by Dr. B.F. Skinner in 1953 as a functional class in the analysis of social behavior. [1] Opposition or resistance to intervention defines countercontrol, however little systematic research has been conducted to document its occurrence.
Behavioral systems analysis is an approach to organizational design and management. It is based on the premise that organizations are complex systems.As such, changes in one aspect of performance in an organization necessarily affects performance in another parts of an organization.
OBM is a subdiscipline of ABA, thus its emergence stems from the foundations of behavior analysis developed by B.F. Skinner.Skinner's book Science and Human Behavior, published in 1953, served as the foundation for OBM by highlighting the use of money to increase desired behaviors, wage schedules, and higher levels of praise for desired behaviors as opposed to undesired behaviors. [2]
Each behavioural change theory or model focuses on different factors in attempting to explain behaviour change. Of the many that exist, the most prevalent are learning theories, social cognitive theory, theories of reasoned action and planned behaviour, transtheoretical model of behavior change, the health action process approach, and the BJ Fogg model of behavior change.
The Hersey–Blanchard situational theory: This theory is an extension of Blake and Mouton's Managerial Grid and Reddin's 3-D Management style theory. This model expanded the notion of relationship and task dimensions to leadership, and readiness dimension. 3. Contingency theory of decision-making
Managerialism is the idea that professional managers should run organizations in line with organizational routines which produce controllable and measurable results. [1] [2] It applies the procedures of running a for-profit business to any organization, with an emphasis on control, [3] accountability, [4] measurement, strategic planning and the micromanagement of staff.
Advocates of the behavioral approach also challenged the omission of the element of uncertainty from the conventional theory. The behavioral model, like the managerial models of Oliver E. Williamson and Robin Marris, considers a large corporate business firm in which the ownership is separate from the management. [7]
Management control as an interdisciplinary subject. A management control system (MCS) is a system which gathers and uses information to evaluate the performance of different organizational resources like human, physical, financial and also the organization as a whole in light of the organizational strategies pursued.