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1967: Erwin Wilhelm Müller adds time-of-flight spectroscopy to the field ion microscope, making the first atom probe and allowing the chemical identification of each individual atom. 1981: Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer develop the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). 1986: Gerd Binnig, Quate, and Gerber invent the atomic force microscope (AFM).
Kevin John Donnelly AM (born 1952) is an Australian educator, author and commentator. He is Senior Fellow at the Australian Catholic University 's PM Glynn Institute [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Donnelly has written numerous articles and books on contemporary developments in education, culture and politics.
Zacharias Janssen; also Zacharias Jansen or Sacharias Jansen; 1585 – pre-1632 [1]) was a Dutch spectacle-maker who lived most of his life in Middelburg.He is associated with the invention of the first optical telescope and/or the first truly compound microscope, but these claims (made 20 years after his death) may be fabrications put forward by his son.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723). The field of microscopy (optical microscopy) dates back to at least the 17th-century.Earlier microscopes, single lens magnifying glasses with limited magnification, date at least as far back as the wide spread use of lenses in eyeglasses in the 13th century [2] but more advanced compound microscopes first appeared in Europe around 1620 [3] [4] The ...
260 BC: Aristarchus of Samos proposes a basic heliocentric model of the universe. [61] 200 BC: Apollonius of Perga discovers Apollonius's theorem. 200 BC: Apollonius of Perga assigns equations to curves. 200 BC: Apollonius of Perga develops epicycles. While an incorrect model, it was a precursor to the development of Fourier series.
3D profile of a coin (partial) measured with a modern confocal white light microscope. Minsky's inventions include the first head-mounted graphical display (1963) [25] and the confocal microscope [6] [note 1] (1957, a predecessor to today's widely used confocal laser scanning microscope). With Seymour Papert, he developed the first Logo "turtle".
The optical microscope, also referred to as a light microscope, is a type of microscope that commonly uses visible light and a system of lenses to generate magnified images of small objects. Optical microscopes are the oldest design of microscope and were possibly invented in their present compound form in the 17th century.
Spencer Microscope: Brass and glass, made circa 1849-1859 by C. A. & H. Spencer, Canastota, NY USA Spencer’s first microscopes were available for purchase in 1838. [ 2 ] Previous to Spencer’s invention, European manufacturers held a monopoly on research-quality microscopic equipment. [ 3 ]