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A study performed in 2010 showed that picaridin spray and cream at the 20% concentration provided 12 hours of protection against ticks. [2] Unlike DEET , icaridin does not dissolve plastics, synthetics or sealants, [ 3 ] is odorless and non-greasy [ 4 ] and presents a lower risk of toxicity when used with sunscreen, as it may reduce skin ...
DEET is effective against a variety of invertebrates, including ticks, flies, mosquitos, and some parasitic worms. [3]A 2018 systematic review found no consistent performance difference between DEET and icaridin in field studies and concluded that they are equally preferred mosquito repellents, noting that 50% DEET offers longer protection but is not available in some countries.
A 2013 review concluded that IR3535 is as effective as 20% DEET against Anopheles, citing that some studies reported possibly shorter protection of just 3.8 hours. [ 9 ] [ 6 ] In areas with malaria, the NHS recommends 50% DEET or at least 30% DEET or 20% icaridin instead of IR3535.
Permethrin is a medication and an insecticide. [6] [7] As a medication, it is used to treat scabies and lice. [8]It is applied to the skin as a cream or lotion. [6] As an insecticide, it can be sprayed onto outer clothing or mosquito nets to kill the insects that touch them.
A wide range of other species, such as horse, water buffalo, llama, rabbit, and guinea pig, are used as livestock in some parts of the world. Insect farming, as well as aquaculture of fish, molluscs, and crustaceans, is widespread. Modern animal husbandry relies on production systems adapted to the type of land available.
Ivermectin is an antiparasitic drug. [7] After its discovery in 1975, [8] its first uses were in veterinary medicine to prevent and treat heartworm and acariasis. [9] Approved for human use in 1987, [10] it is used to treat infestations including head lice, scabies, river blindness (onchocerciasis), strongyloidiasis, trichuriasis, ascariasis and lymphatic filariasis.