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Upon the outbreak of World War I, Ukraine was not an independent political entity or state.The majority of the territory that makes up the modern country of Ukraine was part of the Russian Empire with a notable far western region administered by the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the border between them dating to the Congress of Vienna in 1815.
During the First World War, Ukraine was in the front lines of two of the main combatants, Imperial Russia and Austria-Hungary. [1]: 340 During the war, Ukrainian activists in Russia were treated as enemy agents, and newspapers and cultural organisations were shut down by the authorities.
Central Powers intervention in Ukraine Germany Austria-Hungary: Imperial German and Austro-Hungarian forces entered Ukraine to push out Bolshevik forces, as part of an agreement with the Ukrainian People's Republic. [1]: 351, 357 Occupation: Ukrainian State (1918), a German-installed government of much of Ukraine. Allied intervention in Ukraine
The Allies or the Entente was an international military coalition of countries led by France, the United Kingdom, Russia, the United States, Italy, and Japan against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria in World War I (1914–1918).
[2] [3] There were several internal armed conflicts between various Ukrainian ideological factions (sometimes with foreign support) in the first half of the 20th century (especially during the 1917–1921 Ukrainian War of Independence and the 1939–1945 Second World War), but modern Ukrainian militaries (since 1917) have been mostly fighting ...
This list of military engagements of World War I covers terrestrial, maritime, and aerial conflicts, including campaigns, operations, defensive positions, and sieges. Campaigns generally refer to broader strategic operations conducted over a large bit of territory and over a long period of time.
Military alliances shortly before World War I. Germany and the Ottoman Empire allied after the outbreak of war.. This is the list of military alliances.A military alliance is a formal agreement between two or more parties concerning national security in which the contracting parties agree to mutually protect and support one another militarily in case of a crisis that has not been identified in ...
The First World War: Volume I: To Arms (2003). Tucker, Spencer C., ed. The European Powers in the First World War: An Encyclopedia (1996) 816pp; Watson, Alexander. Ring of Steel: Germany and Austria-Hungary in World War I (2014) Wawro, Geoffrey. A Mad Catastrophe: The Outbreak of World War I and the Collapse of the Habsburg Empire (2014)