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A nabothian cyst (or nabothian follicle) [1] is a mucus-filled cyst on the surface of the cervix. They are most often caused when stratified squamous epithelium of the ectocervix (portion nearest to the vagina) grows over the simple columnar epithelium of the endocervix (portion nearest to the uterus). This tissue growth can block the cervical ...
After menopause, the uterine structures involute and the functional squamocolumnar junction moves into the cervical canal. [17]: 41 Nabothian cysts (or Nabothian follicles) form in the transformation zone where the lining of metaplastic epithelium has replaced mucous epithelium and caused a strangulation of the outlet of some of the mucous glands.
A cervical polyp is a common benign polyp or tumour on the surface of the cervical canal. [2] They can cause irregular menstrual bleeding but often show no symptoms. Treatment consists of simple removal of the polyp and prognosis is generally good. About 1% of cervical polyps will show neoplastic change which may lead to cancer.
Cervical stenosis may be present from birth or may be caused by other factors: Surgical procedures performed on the cervix such as colposcopy, cone biopsy, or a cryosurgery procedure [3] Trauma to the cervix [3] Repeated vaginal infections [3] Atrophy of the cervix after menopause [3] Cervical cancer [1] Radiation [1] Cervical nabothian cysts
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is characterized by descent of pelvic organs from their normal positions into the vagina.In women, the condition usually occurs when the pelvic floor collapses after gynecological cancer treatment, childbirth or heavy lifting. [2]
Mucopurulent cervical discharge seen on a cotton bud Micrograph of salpingitis – a component of pelvic inflammatory disease. H&E stain. Upon a pelvic examination, cervical motion, uterine, or adnexal tenderness will be experienced. [5] Mucopurulent cervicitis and or urethritis may be observed.
The presence of unusual lumps in the wall or base of the vagina is always abnormal. The most common of these is Bartholin's cyst. [5] The cyst, which can feel like a pea, is formed by a blockage in glands which normally supply the opening of the vagina. This condition is easily treated with minor surgery or silver nitrate.
Ovarian cysts—the ovary produces a large, painful cyst, which may rupture. Asherman's syndrome (AS) is an acquired uterine condition that occurs when scar tissue form inside the uterus and/or the cervix. Ovarian torsion—the ovary is twisted in a way that interferes with its blood supply. (pain on one side only) Pudendal nerve entrapment