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Murray Gell-Mann tells his life story at Web of Stories [permanent dead link ] Johnson, George (October 1999). Strange Beauty: Murray Gell-Mann and the Revolution in 20th Century Physics (1st ed.). Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-679-43764-2. The Making of a Physicist: A Talk With Murray Gell-Mann Archived May 17, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
The model was independently proposed by physicists Murray Gell-Mann, [1] who dubbed them "quarks" in a concise paper, and George Zweig, [2] [3] who suggested "aces" in a longer manuscript. André Petermann also touched upon the central ideas from 1963 to 1965, without as much quantitative substantiation.
The quark model was independently proposed by physicists Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig in 1964. [5] Quarks were introduced as parts of an ordering scheme for hadrons, and there was little evidence for their physical existence until deep inelastic scattering experiments at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in 1968.
When the quark model was first postulated by Murray Gell-Mann and others in the 1960s, it was to organize the states known then to be in existence in a meaningful way. As quantum chromodynamics (QCD) developed over the next decade, it became apparent that there was no reason why only three-quark and quark-antiquark combinations could exist.
While studying these decays, Murray Gell-Mann (in 1953) [4] [5] and Kazuhiko Nishijima (in 1955) [6] developed the concept of strangeness (which Nishijima called eta-charge, after the eta meson (η)) to explain the "strangeness" of the longer-lived particles. The Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula is the result of these efforts to understand strange ...
This is a topic category for the topic Murray Gell-Mann. Pages in category "Murray Gell-Mann" The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. ...
Gell-Mann and George Zweig, correcting an earlier approach of Shoichi Sakata, went on to propose in 1963 that the structure of the groups could be explained by the existence of three flavors of smaller particles inside the hadrons: the quarks. Gell-Mann also briefly discussed a field theory model in which quarks interact with gluons. [12] [13]
In 1961, Murray Gell-Mann introduced the Eightfold Way as a pattern to group baryons and mesons. [11] In 1964, Gell-Mann and George Zweig independently proposed that all hadrons are composed of elementary constituents, which Gell-Mann called "quarks". [12] Initially, only the up quark, the down quark, and the strange quark were proposed. [13]