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Understanding by Design, or UbD, is an educational theory for curriculum design of a school subject, where planners look at the desired outcomes at the end of the study in order to design curriculum units, performance assessments, and classroom instruction. [1]
Curriculum development is a planned, progressive, purposeful and systematic process in order to make positive improvements in the curriculum and education system. Various approaches have been used in developing curricula.
The Dick and Carey model, however, is a more systemic model in that making changes to components affects other components and, therefore, the changes occur in parallel. In the more linear backward design model, the steps are non-flexible which means that skipping or changing steps is not an option.
Florida State University initially developed the ADDIE framework in 1975 [3] to explain, “...the processes involved in the formulation of an instructional systems development (ISD) program for military interservice training that will adequately train individuals to do a particular job and which can also be applied to any interservice curriculum development activity.” [4] The model ...
Instructional design (ID), also known as instructional systems design and originally known as instructional systems development (ISD), is the practice of systematically designing, developing and delivering instructional materials and experiences, both digital and physical, in a consistent and reliable fashion toward an efficient, effective, appealing, engaging and inspiring acquisition of ...
Ralph Winfred Tyler (April 22, 1902 – February 18, 1994) was an American educator who worked in the field of assessment and evaluation. He served on or advised a number of bodies that set guidelines for the expenditure of federal funds and influenced the underlying policy of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965.
Hilda Taba (7 December 1902 in Kooraste, Governorate of Livonia [1] – 6 July 1967 in San Francisco, California) was an architect, [need quotation to verify] a curriculum theorist, a curriculum reformer, and a teacher educator. [2] [3] Taba was born in the small village of Kooraste, Estonia. Her mother's name was Liisa Leht, and her father was ...
See also spiral model, a software development approach. Four spirals in a medical studies curriculum [1]. The spiral approach is a technique often used in education where the initial focus of instruction is the basic facts of a subject, with further details being introduced as learning progresses.