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Hamdanid territory in 955 during the rule of Sayf al-Dawla. The Hamdanid dynasty of Banu Taghlib was among the first Twelver Shia dynasties formed in northern Iraq. The Hamdanids first emerged as governors of Mardin in 890 and Mosul in 905, and by 950 had expanded into most of Syria and western Iraq, informally forming a parallel authority to the one in Baghdad.
Iraq is home to many religious cities important for both Shia and Sunni Muslims. [13] Baghdad was a hub of Islamic learning and scholarship for centuries and served as the capital of the Abbasids. [14] Baghdad also is home to two prominent Shia Imams in what is known as Kadhimiya, Iraq.
Iraq's Muslims follow two distinct traditions, Shia and Sunni Islam. According to the CIA World Factbook, Iraq is approximately 95% to 98% Muslim, with approximately 55% Shia and 40% Sunni. [5] According to a 2011 survey by Pew Research, 51% of the Muslims identify as Shia and 42% as Sunni. [6]
The most recent campaign of anti-Shia oppression was the Islamic State organization's persecution of Shias in its territories in Northern Iraq, [180] [197] [181] [198] which occurred alongside the persecution of various religious groups and the genocide of Yazidis by the same organization during the Second Iraq War.
The 1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq, also known as the First Sadr Uprising, took place as a followup to the Iranian Revolution (1978–1979) in neighbouring Iran, as the Shia Iraqi clerics vowed to overthrow Ba'athist Iraq, dominated by (secular) Sunni Muslims - specifically the Saddam Hussein family.
Islam is divided into two major sects, Sunni and Shia Islam, each with its own sub-sects. Large numbers of Shia Arab Muslims live in some Arab countries including Lebanon, Yemen, Bahrain, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, the UAE, and Qatar. Shia Muslims are a numerical majority in Iraq and Bahrain.
Ibrahimiyya (Arabic: الإبراهيمية; Turkish: İbrahimiyye) was a Ghulat sect of Shia Islam in Iraq.Ibrahimiyya was made up of Iraqi Turkmen around Talafar.It emerged when the Safavids first captured Iraq, and it dissolved in the 1920s after its adherents gradually converted to mainstream Twelver Shia Islam.
Najaf [a] is the capital city of the Najaf Governorate in central Iraq, about 160 km (99 mi) south of Baghdad. Its estimated population in 2024 is about 1.41 million people. [1] It is widely considered amongst the holiest cities of Shia Islam and one of its spiritual capitals, as well as the center of Shia political power in Iraq. [8]