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Eukaryotic translation is the biological process by which messenger RNA is translated into proteins in eukaryotes. It consists of four phases: initiation, elongation, termination, and recapping. It consists of four phases: initiation, elongation, termination, and recapping.
Transcription should not be confused with translation, which means representing the meaning of text from a source-language in a target language, (e.g. Los Angeles (from source-language Spanish) means The Angels in the target language English); or with transliteration, which means representing the spelling of a text from one script to another.
Transliteration may be very close to letter-by-letter transcription if the relations between letters and sounds are similar in both languages. For many script pairs, there are one or more standard transliteration systems.
Transcription (linguistics), the representations of speech or signing in written form Orthographic transcription, a transcription method that employs the standard spelling system of each target language; Phonetic transcription, the representation of specific speech sounds or sign components; service and software
Translation promotes transcription elongation and regulates transcription termination. Functional coupling between transcription and translation is caused by direct physical interactions between the ribosome and RNA polymerase ("expressome complex"), ribosome-dependent changes to nascent mRNA secondary structure which affect RNA polymerase activity (e.g. "attenuation"), and ribosome-dependent ...
Bacterial transcription differs from eukaryotic transcription in several ways. In bacteria, transcription and translation can occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm of the cell, whereas in eukaryotes transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation occurs in the cytoplasm. [ 14 ]
Translation of sung texts is generally much more restrictive than translation of poetry, because in the former there is little or no freedom to choose between a versified translation and a translation that dispenses with verse structure.
Thus translation and transcription are parallel processes. Bacterial mRNA are usually polycistronic and contain multiple ribosome binding sites. Translation initiation is the most highly regulated step of protein synthesis in prokaryotes. [5] The rate of translation depends on two factors: the rate at which a ribosome is recruited to the RBS