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MRI image of the brain in vitamin B 12 deficiency, axial view showing the "precontrast FLAIR image": note the abnormal lesions (circled) in the periventricular area suggesting white matter pathology. Physiology
Prolonged deficiency of vitamin B 12 leads to irreversible nervous system damage. HIV-associated vacuolar myelopathy can present with a similar pattern of dorsal column and corticospinal tract demyelination. [citation needed] It has been thought that if someone is deficient in vitamin B 12 and folic acid, the vitamin B 12 deficiency must
Active and pre-active lesions appear as hyperintense areas under T2-weighted MRI. Pre-active lesion here refers to lesions localized in the normal appearing white matter, without apparent loss of myelin but nevertheless showing a variable degree of oedema, small clusters of microglial cells with enhanced major histocompatibility complex class ...
[citation needed] The presence of demyelinating white matter lesions on brain MRI at the time of presentation of optic neuritis is the strongest predictor for developing clinically definite MS. Almost half of the patients with optic neuritis have white matter lesions consistent with multiple sclerosis.
These measures are commonly used clinically to localize white matter lesions that do not show up on other forms of clinical MRI. [46] Applications in the brain: Tract-specific localization of white matter lesions such as trauma and in defining the severity of diffuse traumatic brain injury.
Deficiency isn't common, but can produce some scary side effects when it does happen. Lack of vitamin B12 can cause megaloblastic anemia —a condition characterized by larger than normal red ...
The Good Housekeeping Institute tested more than 30 brands of B12 supplements, and chose Nature made B12 1000mcg as the best overall option, and Garden of Life Vitamin Code Raw B12 as the best ...
Undernourished patients often have many vitamin and nutrient deficiencies and have low serum protein levels. However, the optic neuropathy associated with pernicious anemia and vitamin B 12 deficiency can even be seen in well-nourished individuals. Gastric bypass surgery may also cause a vitamin B 12 deficiency from poor absorption.