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Nasolacrimal duct probing may be performed in the office setting (usually from 4 to 8 months of age) or under general anesthesia in an operating room for older patients. The success rate of probing is higher for younger children. A silastic tube or stent may be employed along with probing to maintain tear duct patency. [6]
The nasolacrimal duct (also called the tear duct) carries tears from the lacrimal sac of the eye into the nasal cavity. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The duct begins in the eye socket between the maxillary and lacrimal bones , from where it passes downwards and backwards.
The purpose of the nasolacrimal ducts is to drain tears from the eye area of the lacrimal sac and eventually through the nasal cavity. Dacryocystocele is caused by blockage on the nasolacrimal duct, as a result when mucoid fluid collects in the intermediate patent section it forms a cystic structure. The cyst is formed by the eye and nose ...
Dacryocystitis is an infection of the lacrimal sac, secondary to obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct at the junction of the lacrimal sac. [1] The term derives from Greek dákryon 'tear' cysta 'sac' and -itis 'inflammation'. [2] It causes pain, redness, and swelling over the inner aspect of the lower eyelid and epiphora.
Punctal irrigation is also required. In infants with nasolacrimal defects, a nasolacrimal duct probe is used and a tube replacement, either temporary (Crawford) or permanent (Jones), is carried out. A surgical procedure called a dacryocystorhinostomy is done to join the lacrimal sac to the nasal mucosa in order to restore lacrimal drainage.
Bowman's lacrimal probe: probing the nasolacrimal duct: Lens expressor: used to force out the lens in extracapsular or intracapsular cataract extraction McNamar's spoon: used to force out the lens in intracapsular cataract extraction Iris repositor: two limbed instrument used to remove the iris during posterior chamber maneuvers
Dacryoscintigraphy (DSG), also known as lacrimal scintigraphy, is a nuclear medicine technique for imaging the lacrimal apparatus. It is used to identify obstructions, for example in the lacrimal duct , nasal cavity or nasolacrimal duct .
With the advent of nasal endoscopes, endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy is becoming popular. In this procedure, a nasal endoscope is used to visualise the lacrimal sac through the nasal cavity. The bone covering the lacrimal sac is nibbled out. The medial wall of the sac is incised or excised, facilitating drainage of tears into the nasal cavity.