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  2. Biomolecular gradient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecular_gradient

    The grey represents the concentration of a molecule. A biomolecular gradient is established by a difference in the concentration of molecules in a biological system such as individual cells, groups of cells, or an entire organism. A biomolecular gradient can exist intracellularly (within a cell) or extracellularly (between groups of cells).

  3. Chemiosmosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemiosmosis

    An ion gradient has potential energy and can be used to power chemical reactions when the ions pass through a channel (red). Hydrogen ions, or protons, will diffuse from a region of high proton concentration to a region of lower proton concentration, and an electrochemical concentration gradient of protons across a membrane can be harnessed to ...

  4. Electrochemical gradient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_gradient

    An electrochemical gradient is a gradient of electrochemical potential, usually for an ion that can move across a membrane. The gradient consists of two parts: The gradient consists of two parts: The chemical gradient, or difference in solute concentration across a membrane.

  5. Active transport - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_transport

    In cellular biology, active transport is the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration—against the concentration gradient. Active transport requires cellular energy to achieve this movement.

  6. Fick's laws of diffusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fick's_laws_of_diffusion

    Fick's first law relates the diffusive flux to the gradient of the concentration. It postulates that the flux goes from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration, with a magnitude that is proportional to the concentration gradient (spatial derivative), or in simplistic terms the concept that a solute will move from a region of high concentration to a region of low ...

  7. Osmosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosis

    The process of osmosis over a semipermeable membrane.The blue dots represent particles driving the osmotic gradient. Osmosis (/ ɒ z ˈ m oʊ s ɪ s /, US also / ɒ s-/) [1] is the spontaneous net movement or diffusion of solvent molecules through a selectively-permeable membrane from a region of high water potential (region of lower solute concentration) to a region of low water potential ...

  8. Morphogen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphogen

    In developmental biology, 'morphogen' is rigorously used to mean a signalling molecule that acts directly on cells (not through serial induction) to produce specific cellular responses that depend on morphogen concentration. This definition concerns the mechanism, not any specific chemical formula, so simple compounds such as retinoic acid (the ...

  9. Voltage-gated ion channel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage-gated_ion_channel

    A gradient is represented by the different concentration of ions on either side of the membrane. The open conformation of the ion channel allows for the translocation of ions across the cell membrane, while the closed conformation does not.