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In supersonic flow regimes, wave drag is commonly separated into two components, supersonic lift-dependent wave drag and supersonic volume-dependent wave drag. The closed form solution for the minimum wave drag of a body of revolution with a fixed length was found by Sears and Haack, and is known as the Sears-Haack Distribution .
The equation is precise – it simply provides the definition of (drag coefficient), which varies with the Reynolds number and is found by experiment. Of particular importance is the u 2 {\displaystyle u^{2}} dependence on flow velocity, meaning that fluid drag increases with the square of flow velocity.
Note the minus sign in the equation, the drag force points in the opposite direction to the relative velocity: drag opposes the motion. Stokes' law makes the following assumptions for the behavior of a particle in a fluid: Laminar flow; No inertial effects (zero Reynolds number) Spherical particles; Homogeneous (uniform in composition) material
Drag coefficients in fluids with Reynolds number approximately 10 4 [1] [2] Shapes are depicted with the same projected frontal area. In fluid dynamics, the drag coefficient (commonly denoted as: , or ) is a dimensionless quantity that is used to quantify the drag or resistance of an object in a fluid environment, such as air or water.
The downward force of gravity (F g) equals the restraining force of drag (F d) plus the buoyancy. The net force on the object is zero, and the result is that the velocity of the object remains constant. Terminal velocity is the maximum speed attainable by an object as it falls through a fluid (air is the most common example).
Velocity is the speed in ... The kinetic energy of a moving object is dependent on its velocity and is given by the equation [10] = ... The drag force, , is ...
A particle moving with the fluid at some velocity () will encounter a variable fluid velocity field as it advects. Let's assume the velocity of the fluid, in the Lagrangian frame of reference of the particle, is (). It is the difference between these velocities that will generate the drag force necessary to correct the particle path:
The drag coefficient is always associated with a particular surface area. [60] Drag equation – In fluid dynamics, the drag equation is a formula used to calculate the force of drag experienced by an object due to movement through a fully enclosing fluid. The equation is: =