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Two-thirds of an octopus's neurons are in the nerve cords of its arms. These are capable of complex reflex actions without input from the brain. [1]Cephalopod intelligence is a measure of the cognitive ability of the cephalopod class of molluscs.
An octopus (pl.: octopuses or octopodes [a]) is a soft-bodied, eight-limbed mollusc of the order Octopoda (/ ɒ k ˈ t ɒ p ə d ə /, ok-TOP-ə-də [3]).The order consists of some 300 species and is grouped within the class Cephalopoda with squids, cuttlefish, and nautiloids.
The two-part beak of the giant squid, Architeuthis sp. All living cephalopods have a two-part beak; [12]: 7 most have a radula, although it is reduced in most octopus and absent altogether in Spirula. [12]: 7 [98]: 110 They feed by capturing prey with their tentacles, drawing it into their mouth and taking bites from it. [25]
The human brain contains 86 billion neurons, with 16 billion neurons in the cerebral cortex. [ 2 ] [ 1 ] Neuron counts constitute an important source of insight on the topic of neuroscience and intelligence : the question of how the evolution of a set of components and parameters (~10 11 neurons, ~10 14 synapses) of a complex system leads to ...
Octopus cells produce an "Onset Response" to simple tonal stimuli. That is, they respond only at the onset of a broad-band stimulus. The octopus cells can fire with some of the highest temporal precision of any neuron in the brain. Electrical stimuli to the auditory nerve evoke a graded excitatory postsynaptic potential in the octopus cells.
The brain, optic lobes, and the highly developed arm nervous system are the three main components of the octopus nervous system. [15] Each arm of the octopus has been described as having its own brain, where individual processing, motor systems, and sensory exploration can occur. This is where the concept that octopus have many brains comes ...
The optic glands are endocrine organs in the octopus and squid that play a role in sexual development and senescence.They lie between the brain and optic lobes. [1] The optic gland in female octopuses is associated with their maternal behavior of guarding their eggs without feeding. [2]
Cephalopods, as active marine predators, possess sensory organs specialized for use in aquatic conditions. [1] They have a camera-type eye which consists of an iris, a circular lens, vitreous cavity (eye gel), pigment cells, and photoreceptor cells that translate light from the light-sensitive retina into nerve signals which travel along the optic nerve to the brain. [2]