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Deed restrictions and restrictive covenants became an important instrument for enforcing racial segregation in most towns and cities, becoming widespread in the 1920s. [90] Such covenants were employed by many real estate developers to "protect" entire subdivisions , with the primary intent to keep " white " neighborhoods "white".
Continuing antisemitism has remained an issue in the United States and the 2011 Survey of American Attitudes Toward Jews in America, which was released by the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), has found that the recent world economic recession increased the expression of some
During the American colonial period, British colonial officials conducted censuses in some of the Thirteen Colonies that included enumerations by race. [1] In addition, tax lists and other reports provided additional data and information about the racial demographics of the Thirteen Colonies during this time period.
[7] [8] Post-World War I racism and social tensions built up in the competitive labor and housing markets. [9] Overcrowding and increased African-American resistance against racism, especially by war veterans, contributed to the racial tension, [5] as did white-ethnic gangs unrestrained by police. [9]
The violence in these major cities prefaced the soon to follow Harlem Renaissance, an African-American cultural revolution, in the 1920s. [28] Racial violence appeared again in Chicago in the 1940s and in Detroit as well as other cities in the Northeast as racial tensions over housing and employment discrimination grew.
The early 1920s were especially difficult financially in cotton growing regions. The boll weevil, a beetle that feeds on cotton buds and flowers, had migrated into the United States from Mexico in the late 19th century and had infested all U.S. cotton-growing areas by the 1920s, devastating the industry and the people working in the American South.
America's wealth more than doubled in the years between 1920 and '29. Most of this wealth funneled into finance and industry, but enough trickled down to low-level employees to let them ...
The nadir of American race relations was the period in African-American history and the history of the United States from the end of Reconstruction in 1877 through the early 20th century, when racism in the country, and particularly anti-black racism, was more open and pronounced than it had ever been during any other period in the nation's history.