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Flicker vertigo, sometimes called the Bucha effect, is "an imbalance in brain-cell activity caused by exposure to low-frequency flickering (or flashing) of a relatively bright light." [ 1 ] It is a disorientation -, vertigo -, and nausea -inducing effect of a strobe light flashing at 1 Hz to 20 Hz, approximately the frequency of human brainwaves .
An oxygen sensor (or lambda sensor, where lambda refers to air–fuel equivalence ratio, usually denoted by λ) or probe or sond, is an electronic device that measures the proportion of oxygen (O 2) in the gas or liquid being analyzed. [1] It was developed by Robert Bosch GmbH during the late 1960s under the supervision of Günter Bauman. [1]
This test does not only validate the cell. If the sensor does not display the expected value, it is possible that the oxygen sensor, the pressure sensor (depth), or the gas mixture F O 2, or any combination of these may be faulty. As all three of these possible faults could be life-threatening, the test is quite powerful.
To reduce the cost of battery replacements, ambient light sensors were added so the flashing light on the ETD would illuminate only during dusk and after dark. Later models have a small turbine-powered electrical generator using air pressure from the brake line to power the ETD's radio and sensors.
The limiting oxygen concentration (LOC), [1] also known as the minimum oxygen concentration (MOC), [2] is defined as the limiting concentration of oxygen below which combustion is not possible, independent of the concentration of fuel. It is expressed in units of volume percent of oxygen. The LOC varies with pressure and temperature.
Higher than normal concentrations of oxygen lead to increased levels of reactive oxygen species. [60] Oxygen is necessary for cell metabolism, and the blood supplies it to all parts of the body. When oxygen is breathed at high partial pressures, a hyperoxic condition will rapidly spread, with the most vascularised tissues being most vulnerable.
The short-term flicker indicator P st LM is implemented in a light flickermeter which processes the light measured by means of a light sensor. The light flickermeter [ 14 ] [ 15 ] consists of four processing blocks which include weighting filters to account for frequency dependency of the visibility of TLMs as well as statistical processing to ...
The normal oxygen tension in the foot is approximately 60 mmHg, and the normal chest/foot ratio is approximately 0.9. [2] Many factors can limit the accuracy of the test including edema, temperature, inflammation, medications, and stress. In addition for the measurement to be normal, all parts of the oxygenation pathway must be functioning: the ...