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Gas gangrene left untreated is a potentially fatal infection. Early diagnosis of the type of infection and species causing the infection will improve prognosis tremendously. Preventive measures are employed universally through medical facilities to stymie bacterial infections in patients.
Gangrene itself happens when the tissue loses blood flow and becomes deprived of oxygen and nutrients. Without proper blood supply, cells in the affected area start dying, leading to decay. There are different types of gangrene, including dry, wet, and gas gangrene, depending on the underlying cause and the conditions of the tissue.
Clostridium perfringens is the most common bacterial agent for gas gangrene. [45] Gas gangrene is induced by α-toxin that embeds itself into the plasma membrane of cells and disrupts normal cellular function by altering membrane structure. [8] Some symptoms include blisters, tachycardia, swelling, and jaundice. [45]
Gas gangrene proceeds via disruption of blood flow to the infected site, resulting in diminished levels of oxygen and nutrients ultimately causing premature cell death and tissue necrosis. [9] Four toxins have been isolated from C. septicum : the lethal alpha toxin, DNase beta-toxin, hyaluronidase gamma toxin, and the thiol-activated (or ...
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They are considered a virulence factor, facilitating the spread of gas gangrene. They normally target the connective tissue in muscle cells and other body organs. [1] Collagen, a key component of the animal extracellular matrix, is made through cleavage of pro-collagen by collagenase once it has been secreted from the cell. This stops large ...
Myonecrosis is the death of individual muscle fibres due to injury, hypoxia, or infection. Common causes include spontaneous diabetic myonecrosis (a.k.a. diabetic muscle infarction) and clostridial myonecrosis (a.k.a. gas gangrene). [11] Some spider bites may lead to necrosis.
Skin involvement in subcutaneous tissue infections includes: cutaneous and subcutaneous abscesses, [37] breast abscess, decubitus ulcers, infected pilonidal cyst or sinus, Meleney's ulcer infected diabetic (vascular or trophic) ulcers, bite wound, [38] anaerobic cellulitis and gas gangrene, bacterial synergistic gangrene, and burn wound ...