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[3] [4] In nature, two muscles contracting on the swim bladder produce these sounds. In the laboratory, sounds are produced by a stimulating electrode placed on the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and a recording electrode placed on the occipital nerve that leads to the sonic muscles of the fish.
Sonograms of female copulatory vocalizations of a human female (top), female baboon (middle), and female gibbon (bottom), [19] with time being plotted on the x-axis and the pitch being represented on the y-axis. In non-human primates, copulatory vocalizations begin towards the end of the copulatory act or even after copulation. [2]
Toothed whale (odontocete) vocal anatomy. Most mammalian species produce sound by passing air from the lungs across the larynx, vibrating the vocal folds. [3] Sound then enters the supralaryngeal vocal tract, which can be adjusted to produce various changes in sound output, providing refinement of vocalizations. [3]
Certain words in the English language represent animal sounds: the noises and vocalizations of particular animals, especially noises used by animals for communication. The words can be used as verbs or interjections in addition to nouns , and many of them are also specifically onomatopoeic .
Vocal learning is the ability to modify acoustic and syntactic sounds, acquire new sounds via imitation, and produce vocalizations. "Vocalizations" in this case refers only to sounds generated by the vocal organ (mammalian larynx or avian syrinx ) as opposed to by the lips, teeth, and tongue, which require substantially less motor control. [ 1 ]
The sound of each individual's voice is thought to be entirely unique [13] not only because of the actual shape and size of an individual's vocal cords but also due to the size and shape of the rest of that person's body, especially the vocal tract, and the manner in which the speech sounds are habitually formed and articulated. (It is this ...
In underwater acoustics and fisheries acoustics the term is also used to mean the effect of plants and animals on sound propagated underwater, usually in reference to the use of sonar technology for biomass estimation. [2] [3] The study of substrate-borne vibrations used by animals is considered by some a distinct field called biotremology. [4]
Only the male frogs are able to produce mating calls to attract gravid female frogs. When male and non-gravid female frogs are clasped by sexually active male frogs, they produce a release call. In the leopard frog, there are three movements for their sound production. First, there are body wall contradictions to serve as a way for the intra ...