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The history of the arrival of Islam in Indonesia is somewhat unclear. [1] One theory states that Islam arrived directly from Arabia as early as the 9th century, during the time of the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates. Another theory credits Sufi travelers for bringing Islam in the 12th or 13th century, either from Gujarat in India or from Persia. [2]
Indonesian traditional Quranic school. The spread of Islam in Indonesia was a slow, gradual and relatively peaceful process. One theory suggests it arrived directly from Arabia before the 9th century, while another credits Sufi merchants and preachers for bringing Islam to Indonesian islands in the 12th or 13th century either from Gujarat in India or directly from the Middle East. [4]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 3 March 2025. Islam in Indonesia Istiqlal Mosque, the national mosque and the largest mosque in Southeast Asia. Total population 244,410,757 (2023) 87,06% of the population [a] Languages Liturgical Quranic Arabic Common Indonesian (official), various regional languages Mass Eid al-Fitr prayer at the ...
The spread of Islam in Indonesian is thought to have begun sometime during the eleventh century, although Muslims had visited Indonesia early in the Muslim era. Through assimilation Islam had supplanted Hinduism and Buddhism as the dominant religion of Java and Sumatra by the end of the 16th century .
It is traditionally linked with the legendary Wali Songo, the nine Muslim ulama who proselytized Islam among the then strongly Hindu-Buddhist population of Java. As an early Islamic polity, the Demak Great Mosque was built in Demak and still stands today, it is widely believed to be the oldest still-existing mosque in Indonesia. [19]
Islam in Indonesia was initially spread through merchant activity by Arab traders as well as proselytization by Sufi saints. These Sufi missionaries, along with Shafi'i maddhab they brought in, could flexibly accommodate local practices and traditions.
The majority, muwallad, were born in Indonesia and may be of mixed heritage. [16] Because of the lack of information, some Indonesian scholars have mistaken the Arabs of Indonesia as agents of Salafism and Wahhabism, as Azyumardi Azra depicted Indonesians of Arab descent as wishing to purge Indonesian Islam of its indigenous religious elements.
Sunan Muria (or Muria) is, according to the Babad Tanah Jawi ("History of the land of Java") manuscripts, one of the nine Wali Sanga ("nine saints") involved in propagating Islam in Indonesia. [ 1 ] He was born as Raden Umar Said, as the son of Raden Said (Sunan Kalijaga).