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The mechanism of action of phenytoin sodium. Sodium channels are: 1) Closed 2) Open 3) Inactive (phenytoin effect) Phenytoin is believed to protect against seizures by causing voltage-dependent block of voltage gated sodium channels. [46] This blocks sustained high frequency repetitive firing of action potentials. This is accomplished by ...
Fetal hydantoin syndrome, also called fetal dilantin syndrome, is a group of defects caused to the developing fetus by exposure to teratogenic effects of phenytoin. Dilantin is the brand name of the drug phenytoin sodium in the United States, commonly used in the treatment of epilepsy .
Purple glove syndrome is caused by the intravenous anticonvulsant phenytoin. [3] This medication has many already established neurological side effects. However, glove syndrome is a rare, with prevalence ranging from 1.7% to 5.9%, but has very serious adverse effect that may lead to limb amputations.
Fosphenytoin, also known as fosphenytoin sodium, and sold under the brand name Cerebyx among others, is a water-soluble phenytoin prodrug that is administered intravenously to deliver phenytoin, potentially more safely than intravenous phenytoin. It is used in the acute treatment of convulsive status epilepticus. Fosphenytoin was developed in 1996.
As this syndrome can present secondary to multiple anticonvulsants, the general term "anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome" (AHS) is favored over the original descriptive term "dilantin hypersensitivity syndrome." [2]: 118 As of 2015, two cases of AHS have been reported that manifested during long-term treatment with multiple anti-seizure ...
The symptoms of DRESS syndrome usually begin 2 to 6 weeks but uncommonly up to 8–16 weeks after exposure to an offending drug. Symptoms generally include fever, an often itchy rash which may be morbilliform or consist mainly of macules or plaques, facial edema (i.e. swelling, which is a hallmark of the disease), enlarged and sometimes painful lymph nodes, and other symptoms due to ...
Hydantoin, or glycolylurea, is a heterocyclic organic compound with the formula CH 2 C(O)NHC(O)NH. It is a colorless solid that arises from the reaction of glycolic acid and urea . It is an oxidized derivative of imidazolidine .
Anticonvulsant agents, such as phenytoin, are associated with common forms of gingival overgrowth. [2] It is caused by the increase of metabolites from the breakdown of anticonvulsants in the body. [3] It should also be noted that concurrent usage of different anticonvulsants in children has resulted in accumulative gingival enlargement. [2]