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Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a distance-vector routing protocol that prevents routing loops by implementing a limit on the number of hops allowed in a path from source to destination. [6] Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) uses a link state routing (LSR) algorithm and falls into the group of interior gateway protocols (IGPs). [7]
The path-vector routing algorithm is similar to the distance vector algorithm in the sense that each border router advertises the destinations it can reach to its neighboring router. However, instead of advertising networks in terms of a destination and the distance to that destination, networks are advertised as destination addresses and path ...
On a layer 3 network such as Internet Protocol (IP), each router along the data path constitutes a hop. By itself, this metric is, however, not useful for determining the optimum network path, as it does not take into consideration the speed , load, reliability, or latency of any particular hop, but merely the total count.
Another limitation appears when routers do not respond to probes or when routers have a limit for ICMP responses. [17] In the presence of traffic load balancing , traceroute may indicate a path that does not actually exist; to minimize this problem there is a traceroute modification called Paris-traceroute, [ 18 ] which maintains the flow ...
Cisco IOS routers perform ECN marking if configured with the WRED queuing discipline since version 12.2(8)T. Linux routers perform ECN marking if configured with one of the RED or GRED queue disciplines with an explicit ecn parameter, by using the sfb discipline, by using the CoDel Fair Queuing (fq_codel) discipline, or the CAKE [27] queuing ...
With hop-by-hop routing, each routing table lists, for all reachable destinations, the address of the next device along the path to that destination: the next hop. Assuming that the routing tables are consistent, the simple algorithm of relaying packets to their destination's next hop thus suffices to deliver data anywhere in a network.
If the data in a single write spans 2n packets, where there are 2n-1 full-sized TCP segments followed by a partial TCP segment, the original Nagle algorithm would withhold the last packet, waiting for either more data to send (to fill the packet), or the ACK for the previous packet (indicating that all the previous packets have left the network).
Equal-cost multi-path routing (ECMP) is a routing strategy where packet forwarding to a single destination can occur over multiple best paths with equal routing priority. Multi-path routing can be used in conjunction with most routing protocols because it is a per-hop local decision made independently at each router.