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Engaged columns embedded in a side wall of the cella of the Maison Carrée, Nîmes, France, unknown architect, 2nd century. An engaged column is an architectural element in which a column is embedded in a wall and partly projecting from the surface of the wall, which may or may not carry a partial structural load.
In architecture, an engaged column is a column embedded in a wall and partly projecting from the surface of the wall, sometimes defined as semi or three-quarter detached. Engaged columns are rarely found in classical Greek architecture, and then only in exceptional cases, but in Roman architecture they exist in abundance, most commonly embedded ...
In Roman temples, in order to increase the size of the celia, the columns on either side and at the rear became engaged columns, the portico only having isolated columns. [78] Pteroma In Classical architecture, the enclosed space of a portico, peristyle, or stoa, generally behind a screen of columns. Pycnostyle
The concatenation usually articulates the wall by superimposing elements of the architectural order, such as pilasters or engaged columns, inside which a round arch or a series of arches open. [2] Two hierarchical orders are usually superimposed: the minor order supports the arch, which, in turn, is framed under the entablature of the major order.
Even ancient columns re-used as spolia were probably smoothed down if fluted, as they are so rarely seen in Byzantine buildings. Columns continued to be important in Romanesque and Gothic architecture, often engaged or clustered together in bunches. But the shafts are almost always plain.
It is a hexastyle design with six Corinthian columns under the pediment at either end, [10] and pseudoperipteral in that twenty engaged columns are embedded along the walls of the cella. Above the columns, the architrave is divided into three levels with ratios of 1:2:3. Egg-and-dart decoration divides the architrave from the frieze.
As an ornament it consists of a flat surface raised from the main wall surface, usually treated as though it were a column, with a capital at the top, plinth (base) at the bottom, and the various other column elements. In contrast to a Classical pilaster, an engaged column or buttress can support the structure of a wall and roof above.
If free-standing columns surround the entire building, it is a peripteros. Unlike a peripteros , a pseudoperipteros has no space ( peristasis ) between the cella ( naos , inner chamber) and the outer walls on the sides and rear, so the engaged columns can also be considered to be embedded directly into those walls of the cella .