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The Chams (Cham: ꨌꩌ, چام, cam), or Champa people (Cham: ꨂꨣꩃ ꨌꩌꨛꨩ, اوراڠ چمڤا, Urang Campa; [8] Vietnamese: Người Chăm or Người Chàm; Khmer: ជនជាតិចាម, Chônchéatĕ Cham), are an Austronesian ethnic group in Southeast Asia and are the original inhabitants of central Vietnam and coastal Cambodia before the arrival of the Cambodians and ...
The Cham calendar (Cham: ꨧꨆꨥꨪ sakawi) is a lunisolar calendar used by the Cham people of Vietnam since ancient times. Its origins is based on Saka Raja calendar which was influenced by the Shaka era (78 CE) Indian Hindu calendar, with the current standard called Sakawi Cham likely instituted during the reign of Po Rome of the Champa kingdom.
The mutual struggle against the Mongol Yuan dynasty in the 13th century brought Đại Việt and Champa, formerly hostile states, close together.In 1306, Đại Việt retired emperor Trần Nhân Tông (r. 1278–1293) married off his daughter, Princess Huyen Tran (Queen Paramecvari), to king Chế Mân [note 1] (r. 1288–1307) of Champa as a confirmation of their alliance.
The Khmer Rouge hates the Cham people vigorously comparable to how they hate the Vietnamese, and tentatively depicted the Cham Muslims "belonging to the rootless bourgeoisie race" by contrast to agrarian Khmers. After the Cambodian–Vietnamese War, the Cham insurgency spread with heavy casualties for both Vietnamese and Cham forces. By the ...
The donation of a kośa to the decoration of a liṅga was a distinguishing characteristic of Cham Shaivism. Cham kings gave names to special kośas in much the way that they gave names to the liṅgas themselves. [167] 9th-century Dong Duong (Indrapura) lintel describing the early life of Prince Siddhārtha Gautama (who is sitting on a mule).
The Cham script (Cham: ꨀꨇꩉ ꨌꩌ)is a Brahmic abugida used to write Cham, an Austronesian language spoken by some 245,000 Chams in Vietnam and Cambodia. [3] It is written horizontally left to right, just like other Brahmic abugidas.
The name Phan Rang or in modern Cham Pan(da)rang is an indigenous Chamized form of the original Sanskrit Pāṇḍuraṅga (another epithet for the Hindu god Vithoba). [3] It first appeared on Cham inscriptions around the tenth century as Paṅrauṅ or Panrāṅ, [4] and after that, it has been Vietnamese transliterated into Phan Rang. [5]
Khmer–Cham wars were a series of conflicts and contests between states of the Khmer Empire and Champa, later involving Đại Việt, that lasted from the mid-10th century to the early 13th century in mainland Southeast Asia. The first conflict began in 950 AD when Khmer troops sacked the Cham principality of Kauthara. Tensions between the ...