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The initial version of Global Historical Climatology Network was developed in the summer of 1992. [3] This first version, known as Version 1 was a collaboration between research stations and data sets alike to the World Weather Records program and the World Monthly Surface Station Climatology from the National Center for Atmospheric Research. [4]
In comparison, the global mean surface air temperature (GSAT) is the "global average of near-surface air temperatures over land, oceans and sea ice. Changes in GSAT are often used as a measure of global temperature change in climate models." [10]: 2231 Global temperature can have different definitions. There is a small difference between air ...
This is a list of countries and sovereign states by temperature. Average yearly temperature is calculated by averaging the minimum and maximum daily temperatures in the country, averaged for the years 1991 – 2020, from World Bank Group , derived from raw gridded climatologies from the Climatic Research Unit .
The longer history of the proxy is then used to reconstruct temperature from earlier periods. Proxy records must be averaged in some fashion if a global or hemispheric record is desired. The "Composite Plus Scaling" (CPS) method is widely used for large-scale multiproxy reconstructions of hemispheric or global average temperatures.
In an early attempt to show that climate had changed, Hubert Lamb's 1965 paper generalised from temperature records of central England together with historical, botanical, and archeological evidence to produce a qualitative estimate of temperatures in the North Atlantic region. Subsequent quantitative reconstructions used statistical techniques ...
IRI/LDEO Climate Data Library: Collection of more than 300 datasets from various climate models and datasets. Operated by The Earth Institute and Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory. Global Climate Monitor: Climate web viewer containing accessible climatic information from 1901 that can be downloaded in a variety of GIS formats. HydroSHEDS
The project aims to create historical datasets that are spatially and temporally complete, so as to be of value at a local, or regional level, as well as on a global scale. ACRE aims to recover millions of historic weather observations. This data will be deposited into two databases, ISPD - the International Surface Pressure Databank,
Climate proxy temperature data was needed at seasonal or annual resolution covering a wide geographical area to provide a framework for testing the part climate forcings had played in past variations, look for cycles in climate, and find if debated climatic events such as the Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period were global.