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In organic chemistry, butyl is a four-carbon alkyl radical or substituent group with general chemical formula −C 4 H 9, derived from either of the two isomers (n-butane and isobutane) of butane. The isomer n -butane can connect in two ways, giving rise to two "-butyl" groups:
The prefix "spiro" followed by a Von-Baeyer descriptor describes in the nomenclature of organic compounds ring systems linked by only one common atom, the spiro atom. If several spiro atoms are present in the molecule, the prefix "spiro" is provided with a prefix ("dispiro", "trispiro", etc.) corresponding to the number of spiro atoms.
Alternatively, the suffix "-carboxylic acid" can be used in place of "oic acid", combined with a multiplying prefix if necessary – mellitic acid is benzenehexacarboxylic acid, for example. In the latter case, the carbon atoms in the carboxyl groups do not count as being part of the main chain, a rule that also applies to the prefix form ...
Also acid ionization constant or acidity constant. A quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution expressed as an equilibrium constant for a chemical dissociation reaction in the context of acid-base reactions. It is often given as its base-10 cologarithm, p K a. acid–base extraction A chemical reaction in which chemical species are separated from other acids and bases. acid ...
In such case, the term alkyl is used loosely. For example, nitrogen mustards are well-known alkylating agents, but they are not simple hydrocarbons. In chemistry, alkyl is a group, a substituent, that is attached to other molecular fragments. For example, alkyl lithium reagents have the empirical formula Li(alkyl), where alkyl = methyl, ethyl, etc.
IUPAC states that, "As one of its major activities, IUPAC develops Recommendations to establish unambiguous, uniform, and consistent nomenclature and terminology for specific scientific fields, usually presented as: glossaries of terms for specific chemical disciplines; definitions of terms relating to a group of properties; nomenclature of chemical compounds and their classes; terminology ...
In organic chemistry, a substituent is one or a group of atoms that replaces (one or more) atoms, thereby becoming a moiety in the resultant (new) molecule. [1] ( In organic chemistry and biochemistry, the terms substituent and functional group, as well as side chain and pendant group, are used almost interchangeably to describe those branches from the parent structure, [2] though certain ...
The general article about the organometallic chemistry of an element should be entitled "Organo[element] chemistry", e.g., organomercury chemistry, organopalladium chemistry, organozinc chemistry. The IUPAC definition of an "organometallic compound" includes boron, silicon, arsenic, and selenium, so this title guideline also applies to ...