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The synovial cavity/joint is filled with synovial fluid. The joint capsule is made up of an outer layer of fibrous membrane, which keeps the bones together structurally, and an inner layer, the synovial membrane, which seals in the synovial fluid. They are the most common and most movable type of joint in the body of a mammal.
Histology of a synovial membrane. H&E stain. The synovial membrane is variable but often has two layers: [4] The outer layer, or subintima, can be of almost any type of connective tissue – fibrous (dense collagenous type), adipose (fatty; e.g. in intra-articular fat pads) or areolar (loose collagenous type).
Synovial fluid, also called synovia, is a viscous, non-Newtonian fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints. With its egg white –like consistency, [ 1 ] the principal role of synovial fluid is to reduce friction between the articular cartilage of synovial joints during movement. [ 2 ]
The inner lining of the joint consists of the synovium (also called the synovial membrane), a thin layer located between the joint capsule and the joint cavity. The word "synovium" is derived from the word "synovia" (or synovial fluid ), which is a clear, viscous fluid produced by the synovium, and its main purpose is to reduce friction between ...
Types of joints based upon their structure (L to R): cartilaginous joint, fibrous joint, and synovial joint. Structural classification names and divides joints according to the type of binding tissue that connects the bones to each other. [1] There are four structural classifications of joints: [8]
Finally, the joint capsule matures and forms a cavity, with a central meniscus, and an encasement of synovium. [9] This final structure will form several distinct layers of the articular cartilage found in all synovial joints including the Deep Zone (closest to the bone), Middle Zone, and Superficial Zone (closest to the synovial fluid).
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The knee joints and ankle joints are less typical, as they allow a slight degree of rotation or of side-to-side movement in certain positions of the limb. The knee is the largest hinge joint in the human body. Hinge and pivot joints are both types of synovial joint. A hinge joint can be considered a modified sellar/saddle joint, with reduced ...