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1907 – Albert Einstein introduces the principle of equivalence of gravitational and inertial mass and uses it to predict gravitational lensing and gravitational redshift, [41] [42] historically known as the Einstein shift. [43] 1907-8 – Hermann Minkowski introduces the Minkowski spacetime and the notion of tensors to relativity. His paper ...
Gravitational lensing was first confirmed in 1919, and has more recently been strongly confirmed through the use of a quasar which passes behind the Sun as seen from the Earth. The expansion of the universe (predicted by the Robertson–Walker metric ) was confirmed by Edwin Hubble in 1929.
610–546 BCE – Anaximander: Concept of Earth floating in space [1] 460–370 BCE – Democritus: Atomism via thought experiment; 384–322 BCE – Aristotle: Aristotelian physics, earliest effective theory of physics [2] c. 300 BCE – Euclid: Euclidean geometry; c. 250 BCE – Archimedes: Archimedes' principle
General relativity is a theory of gravitation that was developed by Albert Einstein between 1907 and 1915, with contributions by many others after 1915. According to general relativity, the observed gravitational attraction between masses results from the warping of space and time by those masses.
Expanding relativity to cases of accelerating reference frames (the "general theory of relativity") in the 1910s, Einstein posited an equivalence between the inertial force of acceleration and the force of gravity, leading to the conclusion that space is curved and finite in size, and the prediction of such phenomena as gravitational lensing ...
Gravitational redshift has been measured in the laboratory [65] and using astronomical observations. [66] Gravitational time dilation in the Earth's gravitational field has been measured numerous times using atomic clocks, [67] while ongoing validation is provided as a side effect of the operation of the Global Positioning System (GPS). [68]
In physics, gravity (from Latin gravitas 'weight' [1]) is a fundamental interaction primarily observed as mutual attraction between all things that have mass.Gravity is, by far, the weakest of the four fundamental interactions, approximately 10 38 times weaker than the strong interaction, 10 36 times weaker than the electromagnetic force and 10 29 times weaker than the weak interaction.
Rømer compared the apparent duration of Io's orbits as Earth moved towards Jupiter (F to G) and as Earth moved away from Jupiter (L to K). 1632 – Galileo Galilei writes about the relativity of motion and that some forms of motion are undetectable; this would be later called the relativity principle , essential for special relativity as one ...