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Maria de' Medici as a child. Currently at the Palazzo Pitti, Florence. Maria de' Medici as a young woman, by Santi di Tito, ca. 1590.. Born at the Palazzo Pitti of Florence, Italy on 26 April 1575, [2] Maria was the sixth daughter of Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Archduchess Joanna of Austria.
Under a decree of her husband, she was known in England as Queen Mary, but she did not like this name and signed her letters "Henriette" or "Henriette Marie". [2] Henrietta Maria's Roman Catholicism made her unpopular in England, [3] and also prohibited her from being crowned in a Church of England service; therefore, she never had a coronation.
Bianca Maria di Piero de' Medici (10 September 1445 [1] – 20 July 1505) was a member of the de' Medici family, de facto rulers of Florence in the late 15th century. She was the daughter of Piero di Cosimo de' Medici , de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic, and sister of Lorenzo de' Medici , who succeeded his father in that position.
Maria Salviati (17 July 1499 – 29 December 1543) was a Florentine noblewoman, the daughter of Lucrezia di Lorenzo de' Medici and Jacopo Salviati. She married Giovanni delle Bande Nere and was the mother of Cosimo I de Medici. Her husband died 30 November 1526, leaving her a widow at the age of 27.
This period also saw the eclipse of Florence's formerly powerful rival Pisa, which was defeated by Genoa in 1284 and subjugated by Florence in 1406. [5] Power shifted from the aristocracy to the mercantile elite and members of organized guilds after an anti-aristocratic movement, led by Giano della Bella, enacted the Ordinances of Justice in 1293.
The Pazzi were banished from Florence, and their lands and property confiscated. Their name and their coat of arms were perpetually suppressed: the name was erased from public registers, and all buildings and streets carrying it were renamed; their shield with its dolphins was everywhere obliterated.
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Before 1800, the term "single women" (or "singlewomen", a 14th-century compound) is defined as women who lived without having married, which includes women who would eventually marry in their lifetime and women who never would. [1] The term "life-cycle single women" describes women who were single for the years between childhood and marriage.